-
-
- Supports cellular health
-
Supports brain function
-
Supports antioxidant defenses
-
Supports brain function
Supports antioxidant defenses
Brain function
Supports learning and memory [2–9]
Supports motor activity [5,7,10]
Supports non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep [11]
Supports brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) [4,9,12–16]
Supports tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activity [7]
Supports serotonin synthesis/levels [7]
Downregulates MAO-A activity [7,17,18]
Downregulates acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity [8,19,20]
Supports tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity [7]
Supports dopamine synthesis [7]
Supports noradrenaline synthesis [7]
Supports hippocampal SIRT1 levels [7]
Supports brain insulin signaling [21]
Supports long-term potentiation [22]
Supports neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation [9]
Supports neurogenesis [9]
Supports ectonucleotidase activity [20,23–25]
Downregulates adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity [20,24]
Supports neuroprotective functions [10,19,20,22,26–30]
Supports free radical scavenging [4,5,8,19,20,27,31]
Supports brain antioxidant defenses [4–6,8,19,27]
Supports Nrf2 signaling [6,28]
Supports phase II detox enzymes [6,28]
Supports brain mitochondrial function [3,28]
Supports neural AMPK signaling [3,26,28]
Stress
Gut microbiota
Supports the composition of the gut microbiota [14,36–41]
Supports gut microbial metabolism [37]
Supports gut-immune communication [36,38]
Healthy aging and longevity
Supports stem cell proliferation [9,42–44]
Supports stem cell differentiation [43–45]
Attenuates cellular senescence [42,46]
Immune system
Supports adaptive immunity [47]
Supports immune system communication [48]
Joints and muscle
Supports joint health [48]
Supports muscle recovery and contraction [49]
Complementary ingredients
With palmitoylethanolamide for joint health [50]
With glucosamine and chondroitin for joint health [51]
With Mangifera indica leaf extract for ergogenic support [52]
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